Editors' Introduction–Hans Lukas Kieser and Khatchig Mouradian

Section I. Late-Ottoman Coexistence: Reforms and Transformations in a Premodern Empire
Section introduction
Reform in the Ottoman Empire: Reform of the Ottoman Empire?-Marc Aymes
The Rum in the Late Ottoman Empire-Merih Erol
Armenians in a Plural-Late Ottoman Society-Varak Ketsemanian Ottoman Jews During the Last Ottoman Century-Julia P. Cohen
The Muhajir: Muslim Displacement in the Last Ottoman Century-Candan Badem
Intervention: Late Ottoman Environmental History: State of the Field (or State of the Swamp)-Samuel Dolbee

Section II. Crises, Violence and Revolutionism
Section introduction
From the Ottoman to the Balkan: The Rise of the Nation-State's Modernity in Southeastern Europe-Dimitris Stamatopoulos
Armed Forces under the Primacy of Politics: The Ottoman Army in the 19th Century-Elke Hartmann
Sultan Abdulhamid II: From Chaos to Autocracy-Edhem Eldem
Varieties of Regional Mass Violence-Umit Kurt and Owen Miller
New approaches to the Hamidian Massacres, 1894-1897-Jelle Verheij and Owen Miller
Intervention: The gradual disappearance of slavery in the late-Ottoman Empire-Hayri Göksin Özkoray

Section III. Nationalism, Transnational Actors, and International Relations
Section introduction
Genesis and Trajectory of Kurdish Nationalism towards the End of the Ottoman Empire-Metin Atmaca The Arab National Question at the End of the Ottoman Empire and its Afterlives-Seda Altug
Palestine and Zionism During the Period of Abdülhamid II and the Young Turks-Louis Fishman
Missionaries in the Late Ottoman Empire: A 'Golden Age'?-Chantal Verdeil
Intervention: Emigration from the Late Ottoman Empire: State of the Field-Nora Lessersohn

Section IV. The Constitutional Era: From the Ottoman Spring to Party Dictatorship
Section introduction
The 1908 Young Turk Revolution: Enthusiasm and Realities-Dikran Kaligian
Particularism vs. Universalism: Ottomanism and Constitutionalism During the Second Constitutional Period-Banu Turnaoglu
From parliamentarism to party-state with 'Special Organisation': The Committee of Union and Progress, 1908-1918-Erdal Kaynar
Intra- and Inter-Communal Relationships in Palestine During the Last Years of Ottoman Rule, 1908-1917-Yuval Ben-Bassat
Race as Culture: The Constructions of Race in the Formative Turkish Nationalism, 1911–1916-Umit Kurt and Dogan Gürpinar
Intervention: Turkish Women's History in early 20 th Century: An Overview of the Historiography-Elife Biçer-Deveci
Bibliography: Gender in Turkish History

Section V. Wars and Genocide
Section introduction
The Balkan Wars, World War I, and Ottoman Society-Yigit Akin
The Armenian Genocide: An Overview-Khatchig Mouradian
Assyrians and Pontic Greeks: Issues of Genocide-David Gaunt
Dispossession of Christians in Asia Minor, 1914-1923 -Mehmet Polatel
The Anatolian Wars and commander in chief Gazi Mustafa Kemal-Ahmet Demirel
Intervention: Perception and Politics of the Kizilbash-Alevi in the Late and Post-Ottoman Periods with its Ruptures and Continuities-Yalçin Çakmak

Section VI. Treaties and their defining impact
Section introduction
Treaty of Lausanne: The Birth Certificate of Republican Turkey in a Post-Ottoman Middle East-Hans-Lukas Kieser
New States, New Borders, New Issues? The Kurds, 1918–38-Jordi Tejel
Emerging Turkey and the League of Nations: Nationalist Internationalism-Caroline Liebisch-Gümüs 'Azniv Efendi, where were you five years ago?': Nationalist Policies and the Precarious Situation of the Armenian Community in the Republic of Turkey-Ari Sekeryan
Intervention: International Law and European Financial Control, 1854–1954: A Post-Colonial
Perspective on Ottoman Public Debt-Ellinor Morack

Section VII. The Quest for Belonging in the Post-Ottoman Space
Section introduction
The Afterlife of Christian Missionary Education in Turkey: Teaching Liberal Internationalism Under Kemalism-Erik Sjoberg
Discarding the Ottoman and Asserting The National: Armenian Diasporic Church Architecture in 1930s Lebanon-Vahé Tachjian and Joseph Rustom
Writing Ottomans into Arab History: Late and Post-Ottoman Arab Historiographies of the Empire beyond the Neo-Ottomanist Trope-Aline Schlaepfer
Active Remembering and 'Neo Ottomanism': Commemoration of the Great War as invented tradition in the late Ottoman Empire and in Modern Turkey, 1909-2020-Selim Deringil
Political Contention and Protest Movements in the Post-Ottoman Turkey-Derya Özkaya
Dead States and Living Legacies: Experiments in Self-Rule from the Republic of Mount Ararat to Northeast Syria-Amy Austin Holmes
Intervention: The State of the Kurdish Question since the End of the Ottoman Empire-Cevat Dargin
Intervention: The Ottoman Archive in Istanbul-Candan Badem

Afterword: Historiography's history-Hamit Bozarslan

Chronology of Late-Ottoman Political History
Contributors
Select Bibliography
Index